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Six men march into Colorado's winter mountains, and only one
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comes back, healthy enough to walk, rich enough to spend,
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and carrying what doesn't belong to him. His story shifts
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with every question, and when the snow finally melts, the
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truth left behind in dead man's gulch is written in bone.
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What you were about to beat is burieved to be
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based on witness accounts, testimonies, and public record. This is
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terrifying and treat In February of eighteen seventy four, a
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small party of prospectors ignored a warning that should have
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ended their plans. Do not cross the high mountains in winter.
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The trail would vanish, the storms would close in, and
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the cold would take them quietly, efficiently, without mercy. They
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went anyway, driven by gold and certainty, and disappeared in
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the San Juan wilderness. Months later, one man walked back
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into civilization, the now notorious Alfred Packer. His explanation of
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what happened failed to hold water. Soon the mountains surrendered
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a scene that no one could explain away as simple misfortune.
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Five bodies butchered, skulls split by a hatchet. What happened
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out there? A desperate act or something far darker. Get comfortable,
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make sure you've hit subscribe, because this is not a
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cozy winter story. This is a frigid and true tale
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that has no shortage of teeth. If you want a
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story that proves the wilderness doesn't need ghosts to be haunted,
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start in the San Juan Mountains. In the winter of
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eighteen seventy four, six men walked into that white country
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with the guide who promised he knew the way. Only
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one man walked out, and when he came back he
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wasn't just alive. He was carrying a rifle, carrying other
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men's property, and carrying a story that kept changing its
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shape every time someone pressed on it. His name was Alfred,
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often written Alfred Packer, and Colorado has been arguing about
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what he did ever since January eighteen seventy four. A
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large party of prospectors, more than twenty men, straggled into
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the ute camp of Chief Alrey, starving and battered. Their
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faces were cracked from wind and cold, their hands were stiff.
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Their eyes had the dull panic to look people get
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when they've started doing the math in their heads. How
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many days of food do we have left? The Utes
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fed them anyway, and then Chief a Ray gave them
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something even more valuable than food. He warned them that
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crossing the high mountains in winter was to risk certain death,
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not maybe certain. The trails vanish under snow, the storms
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come fast, the cold traps you in place, and it
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drains you while you're still breathing. A Ray told them
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no ute would attempt that passage before spring. It's the
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kind of warning you'd think would end the conversation, but
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gold changes the way people here words. It turns certainty
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into probably and probably into we'll be fine. This is
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the last clean moment in the story, the moment before
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hunger starts making decisions for them. Several miners refuse to wait,
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and that's how a desperate, doomed little party formed, six
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men leaving the safety of Airey's camp on February ninth,
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eighteen seventy four. It's easy to say five victims, but
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these were not faceless characters. They were men with quirks
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and reputations and private reasons for gambling their lives on
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snowbound mountains. Israel Swan was the elder, in his sixties
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and rumored to be carrying a small fortune in cash,
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people remembered that detail because it matters later, because money
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makes motives heavier. George California Noon was a teenager barely
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old enough to grow a decent beard, chasing the frontier
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dream like it was an adventure novel. Frank Miller was
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a German butcher. Even if you don't know anything else
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about him, you know this. He owned knives and he
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knew what a blade could do. That also matters later.
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There was James Humphrey, part of the party as well,
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less vivid in the surviving accounts. Sometimes the quiet ones
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vanish first in history, even if they didn't vanish first
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in the snow chen and Wilson Bell was described as
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a gambler, red faced, with the kind of confidence that
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reads as charm until it becomes aggression. And then there
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was Alfred Packer, the Guide, a drifter with a rough past,
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a man who talked like he belonged in the mountains.
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He would be the only one who returned. The san
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Juans in winter aren't just cold, they're obliterating. Snow doesn't
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fall politely. It comes down hard, sideways in curtains. It
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fills footprints, it rounds off landmarks, It takes a trail
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you can follow at noon and turns it into nothing
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by dusk. Within days, a fierce blizzard trapped them among
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the peaks. Rations ran out. They weren't traveling with the
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kind of food you need for a long winter march.
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They were traveling with optimism, which isn't edible. By the
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ninth day, they'd eaten their last morsel of flour mixed
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with snow to make a thin dough. That's not a
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meal so much as a ritual, something you swallow to
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pretend you still have control. Old man Swan volunteered to
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carry a pot of burning coals in his knapsack so
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the others could warm their frozen feet at stops. Imagine
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that for a second. Your survival plan is carrying fire
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like it's an infant you can't afford to drop. The
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matches were gone, fingers were clumsy, and the wind was relentless,
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so they marched with glowing coals inside of a coffee pot.
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They chewed pine gum, They ate rosebuds, and when even
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that wasn't enough, the body would start stripping itself for parts.
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That's when they did something like a tall tail. Until
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you remember what starvation does to a man. They ate leather,
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They pulled hair from their goat skin moccasins, roasted the hides,
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and gnawed on their own boots. Not because they were insane,
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at least not in the traditional sense, because hunger is
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a blunt instrument and it doesn't care what you think
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is normal. By day twenty, Israel Swan collapsed, not dramatically,
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not with last words. He just ran out of gas.
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The others dragged him to the banks of a fron
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lake and punched holes in the ice, hunting for fish.
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They found nothing, no movement below, no miracle under the ice,
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and at that point their options narrowed to the cruelest
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kind of choice. Stay and die where you are, or
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move and die somewhere else. So they limped down the
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frozen Gunnison River toward a pine shaded gulch near a plateau,
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to places later known as dead Man's Gulch and Cannibal Plateau.
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Names like that don't come from nowhere. They're not given
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so much as earned. We don't have a perfect minute
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by minute account of what happened next, because the story's
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only narrator is the one man everyone suspects. But we
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do know the shape of the end, because the mountains
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gave up evidence. When the thaw finally came, somewhere in
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that gulch, starvation became something worse. Somewhere in those trees,
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the line between survival and murder got crossed, and when
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it was done, five men were dead. On April sixteenth,
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eighteen seventy four, more than two months after leaving Aure's camp,
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Alfred Packer stumbled into the Ute Agency near Los Pinos
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modern Sacawachee. The ute agent, Charles Adams, later reported that
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Packer arrived quote evidently in good health and condition. Despite
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the other's disappearance. People expected a skeleton of a man.
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They expected frostbite, delirium, half mad desperation. Instead, Packer looked functional.
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He had a rifle, he had some missing belongings, but
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most of all, he had a story ready to go
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from here on out. This is not just a survival tale.
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It's a case with a witness who keeps changing his words.
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He claimed Swan had frozen or collapsed early, and that
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the others left him behind, promising to send help. He
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implied he'd been abandoned, and somehow, by grit, luck or willpower,
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he crawled his way back to civilization. But then Packer
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went in to Sagawache and did something that makes suspicion
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spread like wildfire. He started spending money, horse money, drink money,
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and he carried a rifle. No one could find a
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purchase record for the other prospectors who'd listened to Ray,
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who'd waited out winter and reached the agency safely, were shocked.
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They'd survived by being cautious. How had Packer survived by
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rushing into a blizzard and then came out richer town
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talk turned sharp, and talk becomes pressure. Under that pressure,
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Packer confessed sort of. On May eighth, eighteen seventy four,
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he signed a notarized statement in Airey's camp. In it,
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he described a grim sequence that tried to paint the
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situation as a series of disasters where he was always
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the last man left holding the moral line. He said,
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Israel Swan died of hunger. The men cut meat from
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Swan's body and ate it. A few days later, James
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Humphrey also died and was eaten. Packer said he left
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the camp to gather firewood and returned to find Frank
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Miller killed by the remaining men. Then, according to Packer.
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Shannon Bell shot and killed George Noon and fined. Bell
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tried to murder Packer. Packer claimed he fought back, shooting
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Bell twice in self defense. After that, with everyone else dead,
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he admitted taking meat from Bell's body for food because
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he had to live long enough to walk out. It is,
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on the surface a survival confession, but it's also a
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story that does something very convenient. It makes everyone else
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either die naturally or become the monster, while Packer becomes
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the last reluctant survivor. That's a hard story to swallow
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when the teller is also holding on to the dead
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men's property. Authorities were now fully convinced. Charles Adams organized
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a search party to verify Packer's account, with Packer guiding.
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Adams even persuaded him to lead them to the missing
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men's camp, and Packer's story hit a problem you can't
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explain away with just winter. After days in the snow,
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Packer claimed he couldn't find the route they had taken.
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Couldn't or wouldn't. One frontiersman shouted at him, quote, you
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killed these men. You ought to be hung for it.
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And here's a detail that should make your skin crawl
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before anything could be proven. In early August of eighteen
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seventy four, a jailer inexplicably slipped Packer a penknife. Packer
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used it to escape. He disappeared into the night. If
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you're innocent, you don't usually run like a guilty man.
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But Packer ran. Just days after his escape, evidence of
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the crime could not be ignored. A prosecutor stumbled upon
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a grisly tableau high near Lake City. Five bodies, partially
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buried by snow on a grassy slope. This is where
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the maybe dies. Each skull had been split by a
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heavy hatchet. One corpse was missing its head entirely. Limbs
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were mangled and sliced. Blankets draped over the dead were
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stained and torn. A witness later recalled they were a nasty,
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bad smelling mess to handle. A Harper's Weekly correspondent sketched
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the scene five butchered men amid pine needles and blood,
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turning the mountain horror into a national image. Whatever happened
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in that gulch, it certainly wasn't gentle, and it didn't
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look like a neat series of one dies, then another dies,
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then a third. It looked like violence. It looked like
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a slaughterhouse in the snow. Nine years passed, but the
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story didn't fade. It fermented. For the next nine years,
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Packer evaded capture. He drifted among Arizona, Montana, and Colorado
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under various aliases. At one point he would even work
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as a saloon keeper. Imagine the conversations in that bar
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if anyone knew who was pouring the drinks. But in
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eighteen eighty three, his past caught up with him. One
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of the men from the larger party who had stayed
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in Airey's camp, a French peddler named Jean Frenchi Cabazon,
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recognized Packer's distinctive laugh in a Wyoming saloon. Think about
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that for a second. Not a face, not a scar,
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not a confession, a laugh. Packer was arrested in Fort Fetterman, Wyoming,
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and his identity was confirmed by Charles Adams. In March
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eighteen eighty three, the notorious Colorado cannibal was brought back
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under guard to Hinsdale County, Colorado. What comes next is
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not one trial, but years of retellings, courtroom versions of
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the same nightmare. Packer's trial began in Lake City on
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April ninth, eighteen eighty three. The courthouse was packed. The
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story had transfixed the west. The air in that room
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would have felt like a storm cloud, heavy with certainty,
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hungry for a villain. The prosecution called dozens of witnesses.
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Travel companions testified Packer had boasted about eating human flesh
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and had been seen skulking through camp counting dollars. One
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frontiersman said Packer lunged at him when asked for a knife,
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with quote murder in his eyes, and then Packer took
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the stand. He gave a six hour rambling testimony, altering
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his earlier narrative again. Now he insisted the others all
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lived until Bell, out of his mind, hacked them to death.
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In this version, Packer returned to camp and found Bell
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alone wielding a hatchet over a campfire. Packer claimed he
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shot Bell in the stomach. Bell attacked anyway and fell. Bell,
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Packer said, had killed the other four with the hatchet.
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Packer fled, Then he returned to gather a pot of
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butchered meat for food. It was dramatic, it was cinematic,
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and it was hard to believe because the bodies had
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been found together, not scattered in some long, chaotic chase,
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and because Packer's story kept evolving like it was trying
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to fit the shape of whatever people had already discovered,
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the jury convicted him of first degree murder for the
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death of Israel Swan. On April nineteenth, eighteen eighty three,
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Judge Melville Gary sentenced him to hang, language so severe
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it became famous. He was to quote Die Die Die.
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But the law, as always had its own appetite. Before
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Packer could be executed, the Colorado Supreme Court intervened. His
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lawyers argued correctly that the killings occurred on Ute reservation
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land before Colorado's statehood in eighteen seventy six, when Colorado
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law had no death penalty. In late eighteen eighty five,
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the court annulled the death sentence on that very technicality.
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A retrial followed, moved to Gunnison to find impartial jurors.
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Because locals were furious, some even threatened to lynch him
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themselves if the case wasn't moved. In eighteen eighty six,
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Packer was convicted of manslaughter five counts, won for each death,